A printed circuit board (PCB) plated through-hole (PTH) via creates a vertical electrical interconnection between conductive copper traces on differing dielectric board layers. Although physically compact, the cylindrical via barrel and surrounding antipad geometry introduce parasitic series inductance L_via and shunt capacitance C_via. In high-speed digital and RF signaling (>1 GHz), these parasitics induce localized characteristic impedance discontinuities, signal reflections, and rise-time degradation.