A gyroscope consists of a rapidly spinning rotor possessing high spin angular momentum (L⃗ = I·ω_s). When an external gravitational torque (τ⃗ = r⃗ × W⃗) is applied perpendicular to the spin axis, the system resists pitching downward; instead, the torque induces a steady gyroscopic precession angular velocity (Ω_p) perpendicular to both the torque and spin vectors.